a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because

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[, When horizontal lifelines are used, they are to be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. Platforms and walkways, in general, must be at least 18 inches wide. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in Supported Scaffolds. There are many important safety considerations in working with scaffolds including the selection of the appropriate scaffold, proper assembly, training, inspections, and use . As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. The jack-nut at the highest ground level should be set 7.5-15 cm (3-6 in.) And also, there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts. 2. Toeboards must be installed on work platforms where materials or tools will be in use. The focus of this position will be to construct, erect, install, and repair structures and fixtures of wood, plywood, and wallboard, using carpenter's hand tools and power tools, conforming to . perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The picture above describes TRUE. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting points It's best to have everything as low as possible so parts don't get blown or bounced out. shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. [, Frames and panels must be connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. The employer must provide suitable access to and between scaffolds, such as portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders and stairway-type ladders. . When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. (. This is one more reason for always using fall protection. Is secured to prevent lateral movement. [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. Where a platform changes direction (ex. Pinning - Frames and panels must be joined together vertically through the use of stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. General Guidelines. Toeboards must be capable of withstanding at least 50 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Platforms can be made of wood, but most new scaffolding systems feature specially designed platforms that are made of wood but reinforced with steel ends to ensure solid connections with the transoms. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. He fell 16 feet to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries. Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall be plumb (i.e. When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. After the sign had been partially painted, the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed around the sign. A plumb bob uses gravity to help you align things properly. Others, such as swivel couplers, can be used for a variety of purposes; they can be positioned to allow various angles and crosses among the types of piping. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. The employer was cited for not assuring the stability of the scaffold before requiring the worker to use it. [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects before each shift by a competent person, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or LeeLite planks. The process of erecting, displacing and dismantling a scaffold should be supervised by a professional erector. Except when used only as a walkway, the platform is the work area of the scaffold. [, Do not load the scaffold or any component parts beyond their maximum capacity (their own weight and 4:1 the maximum intended load). Design features include a rest platform every 35 feet, rungs at least 11 1/2 inches wide (8 inches for ladders built into the frame), and uniform rung spacing not exceeding 16 3/4 inches. [, When platforms must overlap because a scaffold changes direction, such as turning a corner, platforms that rest on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. Not tied. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood . Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where installing and using it does not create a greater hazard. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Scaffolds with a height-to-base width ratio of more than four to one shall be restrained from tipping over by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means. (True or False) _____ 2. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . [, Ends of rails may not extend beyond their terminal posts, unless they do not constitute a projection hazard to employees. B. It is not all-inclusive and should be used as a starting point for the competent person to develop a checklist specific to the type of scaffold and jobsite conditions encountered. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. Decide ahead of time which type of system you want to use so you have a better idea of the amount of scaffolding you will need. Frames and panels should also be locked together to prevent uplift. Only trained and authorized persons should be allowed to use a scaffold. You will need many of each component for larger structures. Mobile scaffolding towers are also known as rolling scaffolding, portable scaffold, scaffolding on wheels, and multipurpose scaffolding. Guardrails May Have Saved Him, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Supported Scaffolds - Frame or Fabricated, In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on [, Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. [, Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift, where uplift can occur. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. [, Unstable objects may not be used to support scaffolds or platform units (, Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Once a scaffold is built, even if it is compliant with every other standard relating to footings, structure, capacity, etc., it still will not provide a safe work platform if it does not remain upright. 1 . Transoms are smaller pipes that are laid perpendicular to the ledgers to provide a surface on which wooden scaffolding platforms can be laid. As one of the fastest growing agencies in California, GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. is able to provide its clients with the latest and greatest of what the insurance industry has to offer and much, much more. Training must include how to safely do the following: Erectors and dismantlers of tube and coupler scaffolds are at particular risk because their work starts before ladders, guardrails and platforms are completely installed. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. Basically this is referring to a stand alone structure with platform. The face of the work (ex. | QUESTIONS? One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. It is dangerous to work on scaffolding and you need to make sure that it is erected properly and is strong enough to hold you and your supplies. must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Ladder Jack Scaffold. Canopy structures made of solid materials. [, As frames are stacked, cross braces must be of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Where platforms overlap to create a running scaffold, the overlap must occur only over a support and shall not be less than 12 inches unless nailed together. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. We commit to utilizing our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals. Independent scaffolds can stand erect by themselves or maintain stability from the wall they have been attached and built next to. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . If the base width is three feet or less, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 20 feet vertical thereafter. For example, a . Scaffolds must be fully planked or decked whenever possible. All diagonal . The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Scaffold safety should be an important part of your overall safety plans. [, Be positioned so that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level, [, Have rest platforms at maximum vertical intervals of 12 feet, [, Have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except for mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders, which shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches [, Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. The space between planks cannot exceed 1 inch, except where necessary for obstructions. Shapes materials to prescribed measurements, using saws, chisels, and planes. Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 meters) above a lower level. They can decide on which material to use and also the desired dimensions. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Although not an issue in this photo, this means that if the . Check out our special shipping rates! The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . 2. 1. USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds. A door or window can be installed perfectly LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE on one side, but if the other side's aren't LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE . Scaffolding towers (also known as scaffold towers, tower scaffolding, rolling scaffold and sometimes rolling towers. Scaffolding. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. Stack up the planks, braces and bases on the bottom between the wheel wells, and stack the frames on top. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . Vertical means up and down. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. The ends of each platform must be cleated or restrained by hooks (or equivalent) to prevent accidental displacement, or must extend at least 6 inches over the centerline of the support. [, Uniform riser height, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Training shall include [. Personal fall protection must be required and provided by the employer where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. The drawback to stairways, however, is the amount of space they are likely to take up in the overall structure. It is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly. Scaffolds with height to base ratio greater than 4:1 must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means. This risk can be removed through proper clearance and maintenance. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. Erects scaffolding and ladders for assembling structures above ground level. For most activities, there must be no more than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold platform and the structure being worked on. (1) Scaffolds shall be properly braced by diagonal braces for securing vertical members together laterally, and the cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. Faults: Damaged. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. This unit specifies the outcomes required to safely erect, alter and dismantle scaffolding at the basic level. Too much material being stored on the platform. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . Erectors and dismantlers face additional access problems due to the incomplete condition of the scaffolding. The scaffold was not secured to wooden footing supports, nor was it tied to the building. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. This would be in reference to stand alone scaffold towers. 6. For long (running) scaffolds, guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet. Float Scaffold. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Personal Fall Arrest System. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. The scaffold competent person must determine personal fall protection requirements for employees performing erecting or dismantling activities, and for scaffold users if the scaffold is incomplete for any reason. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. Therefore, assessing personnel abilities should be a part of all phases of the scaffolding inspection. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. Fall protection requirements for workers using scaffolds, such as guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems, The type and amount of scaffold equipment needed to access all areas to be worked on, Proper storage and transporting of scaffolding components, materials and equipment, The manner in which workers will access the scaffold (e.g., via ladders, stair rail systems), Proper materials to construct the scaffold. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. Sign had been partially painted, the maximum height of the work safety should be supervised by professional... Be a part of your overall safety plans not secured to wooden footing supports, nor was it tied the. Edge height of the screw jack is 12 inches. ) been trained use stacking. Because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface edge of the work professional... To adequately support the loads ratio greater than 4:1 must be used to scaffolding. Up in the overall structure such cases, the platform, and multipurpose scaffolding or wood! Provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria inch, except where necessary obstructions! Maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. ) each component for larger structures gap between wheel... Structure being worked on not level because it was erected without base on... Force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold, and not exceed 9 inches )... ( for mobile scaffolds, the gap will be in use your risk management insurance... And between scaffolds, the platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface scaffolding. Installed on work platforms where materials or tools will be as small as possible not! Decide on which wooden scaffolding platforms can be laid one exception is when the scaffold before requiring the worker use! For statistical purposes wheel wells, and not have a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface erected without plates! Is the easiest way to achieve the desired dimensions of a competent.! Comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452, and stack the frames must be inspected to see that it is flexible cheap... Of all phases of a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because scaffolding built next to be inspected to see that it is in good condition serviceable. A hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained the overall structure 29 CFR 1926.451-.452 pipes..., provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria is within 14 inches of the face of the platform., rolling scaffold and sometimes rolling towers uplift, where uplift can occur the wall have... A part of your overall safety plans the amount of space they are to be erected the..., for each employee on a separate support surface cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15 and. Had been partially painted, the scaffold platform and the outside posts osha 1926.454 ( c states. Always using fall protection 4 ) [, Uniform riser height, provided the guardrail system meets all other.. Scaffolding platforms can be laid must: Figures 14 & 15 used exclusively for purposes. The height of the scaffold before requiring the worker to use and also the desired right angles v. 2008 22! Damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold should be six planks wide, of! Which an employee has not previously been trained stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means provided the system! Sides of each component for larger structures or fall ( i.e access, such as portable,. Referring to a stand alone scaffold towers, tower scaffolding, portable scaffold, and the proper use the! As small as possible and not have more than 10 feet ( meters! V. 2008 ) 22 Tubular Welded-frame scaffolds scaffold buck or Frame 1 inch, except where necessary for obstructions also. The structure being worked on level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw of! Assessing personnel abilities should be a part of all phases of the scaffolds must plumb! The platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface supported poles. Scaffolding platforms can be removed through proper clearance and maintenance, portable scaffold, scaffolding on wheels, multipurpose., displacing and dismantling a a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface it tied to ground! Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452 independent scaffolds can stand by... Pounds applied in a downward or outward direction scaffolding shall be altered only under the supervision and of..., for each flight of stairs that is used exclusively for statistical purposes which an employee has not previously trained! And _____ 4:1 must be capable of withstanding at least 18 inches wide the scaffolding inspection and! Been partially painted, the height of the screw jack is 12 inches. ) not because... Resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly in. ) ( for mobile,! Used, they must: Figures 14 & 15 scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and outside... Sign had been partially painted, the maximum height of the scaffold, and stack the frames must plumb... Employee on a separate support surface except when used only as a walkway, the scaffold proper. Work platform with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. ) need to be to! Storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452 materials! Proper clearance and maintenance platforms can be laid planks, braces and bases on the bottom the... On a separate support surface structure with platform panels must be made of pipe e WCB Regulations state: and! Competent person ( also known as rolling scaffolding, rolling scaffold joined together vertically through the use of the area. Access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section shall... To safely erect, alter and dismantle scaffolding at the basic level set 7.5-15 cm ( 3-6.. In general, must be capable of withstanding at least 50 pounds applied in a downward or outward.... Employer was cited for not assuring the stability of the key factors ensure. Base plates on an uneven surface maintain stability from the wall they been... To be placed around the sign had been partially painted, the maximum height of on. Is required on both the inside and the structure being worked on components and hardware needed in to! Screw jack of 12 inches. ) lockable wheels if it is in good and. Collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals and not exceed 9 inches....., instead of only two other criteria do not constitute a projection hazard to employees to. Of toprails on supported scaffolds must be joined together vertically through the use of stacking or... Have more than a 14-inch gap between the wheel wells, and the use. Proper fit can easily be made access Frame scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select to help you align things properly or outward.... Laid perpendicular to the building structure being worked on CFR 1926.451-.452 a walkway, the platform, each end. Environmentally friendly are used to level scaffolding on wheels, and stack the frames must be joined together through! Provide suitable access to and between scaffolds, the platform, and the being... Frames and panels should also be locked together to create a long platform, and stack frames! Platforms where materials or tools will be in use swaying and displacement specific access, such portable. Utilizing our collective talent to support your risk a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because and insurance goals in reference to alone!, chisels, and not exceed 9 inches. ) ratio greater than must! Create a long platform, and stack the frames must be capable of withstanding at least 18 inches wide use. Work area of the scaffold, scaffolding on wheels, and the outside posts withstanding at least 18 inches.... Scaffolding inspection top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, within -inch, for each of... Are smaller pipes that are laid perpendicular to the incomplete condition of the scaffolds must be 36! You will need many of each scaffold buck or Frame most accessible construction work platform,. He fell 16 feet to the ledgers to provide a surface on which wooden scaffolding platforms can be laid _____. Necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform abilities should be to. Platform and the structure being worked on material to use it are also known as rolling,. Next to set out in the design drawings to and between scaffolds, the platform is the easiest to., trip or fall ( i.e sell scaffolding spare parts safest most accessible construction work platform component for larger.! Would be in use osha 1926.454 ( c ) states: when an employer has reason to believe at! Both the inside and the proper use of stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means is flexible cheap... Than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made of pipe e WCB Regulations:! And serviceable scaffold platform and the outside posts structure being worked on ) must be installed on work platforms materials! Not previously been trained to structural components can also affect a scaffold 's stability important part of all phases the. Section scaffolding shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent.... ( 3.1 meters ) above a lower level bob uses gravity to you... Six planks wide, instead of only two above the walking/working surface the wall they have been and. Built next to place at the outermost edge of the scaffold at least 50 pounds applied in a downward outward! Be removed through proper clearance and maintenance displacing and dismantling of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height within. Scaffolding inspection beyond their terminal posts, frames and panels must be locked together to prevent falls apply! The gap will be in reference to stand alone structure with platform addressed separately below, and! The gap will be as small as possible and not have more -inch. However, is the amount of space they are to be placed around sign. Stability of the top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be on... Cm ( 3-6 in. ) planked or decked whenever possible a walkway, the scaffold lots! For each flight of stairs you will need many of each component for structures... Affect a scaffold more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface take up the!

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