relief features of deserts of pakistan

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However, sugar cane is also harvested in the deserts of Pakistan and Australia. A fertile green area called an oasis, or cienega, may exist near such a water source. In January 1991 a severe earthquake destroyed entire villages in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, but far fewer people were killed in the quake than died in 1935. They include both shifting sandy soils and clayey floodplain soils. Shallow residual soils have developed along the slopes and in the broken hill country. Deserts are divided into these types according to the causes of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are caused by the circulation patterns of air masses. WASHINGTON The majority conservative wing of the U.S. Supreme Court appear skeptical that the Biden administration has the authority to implement a federal student debt relief program that was . More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification.People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability. They resemble parabolic dunes with the difference that the ends of the barjanes point to the predominant direction of the wind while the arms of the parabolic is the opposite. In the north, northeast and north-west of Pakistan there are three ranges of mountains. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thousands of years.Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. The desert cities of Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists. On this occasion, in order to focus on the dunes characteristic of the desert and omit the coastal dunes, we will take as a reference the classification of the dunes according to the direction of the wind. Every year, about 6 million square kilometers (2.3 million square miles) of land become useless for cultivation due to desertification. Communities, governments, and organizations are working to preserve desert habitats and increase desert productivity. They usually shift a few meters a year, but a particularly violent sandstorm can move a dune 20 meters (65 feet) in a single day.Sandstorms may bury everything in their pathrocks, fields, and even towns. Thal Desert The areas of Mianwali, Sargodha, Muzaffar Garh and Dera Ghazi Khan districts in the province of Punjab are called Thal desert. Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Dew can collect in these burrows, providing the foxes with fresh water. Dromedary camels, native to the Arabian and Sahara deserts, can lose up to 30 percent of their body weight without harm. Some deserts are mountainous. Wind builds dunes that rise as high as 180 meters (590 feet). Pakistan is a subtropical country spread over an area of 79.6 million hectares (mha) lying between 24 and 37 N and 61 and 75 E. Most of the area is semiarid to arid, extending . Trees shed their leaves to avoid excessive moisture loss. #DesertsOfPakistan #TharDesert #MuhammadAkramDeserts of Pakistan. It is situated in Punjab, Pakistan between the Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. There is a great variety of classification of dunes according to the color of the sand, the direction of the wind, the type of sediment, etc. This lovely fact file will introduce the size and scale of deserts across the world and help children understand the importance of these often mysterious habitats. The desert is widely known for its extremely arid climatic conditions. During a sudden storm, water scours the dry, hard-baked land, gathering sand, rocks, and other loose material as it flows. Answer (4) Gobi Desert. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. Topographical relief features of desert Economical lifestyle of desert Economical lifestyle of people in indus plain Names of deserts Passes of western mountain 5 rivers names Balochistan rivers How urdu is a symbol for unity. Mountain soils are both residual (i.e., formed in a stationary position) and transported. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand, or salt flats.Kinds of DesertsThe worlds deserts can be divided into five typessubtropical, coastal, rain shadow, interior, and polar. They are home to around 1 billion peopleone-sixth of the Earths population.Although the word desert may bring to mind a sea of shifting sand, dunes cover only about 10 percent of the worlds deserts. As a result, wind and water erode the nutrient-rich topsoil. The ethnic composition of the Thar is diverse. The local people speak the Potwari language. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. In India, it covers about 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), of which 60% is in Rajasthan and extends into Gujarat , Punjab, an d Haryana. Some xerocoles avoid the sun by resting in scarce shade. Shaded relief map. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent that forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. In the southern part of the province of Punjab, the British attempted to harness the irrigation power of the water over 100 years ago when they established what came to be known as the Canal Colonies. This has happened among the states in the Colorado River Basin, which have negotiated for many years over the division of the rivers water. Rainstorms sometimes come as violent cloudbursts. Omissions? Pothohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River, on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills, and on the south by the Salt Range. TheKharan Desert is asandyand mountainousdesertsituated inBaluchistanin south-westernPakistan. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. THREATS TO DESERT ECOSYSTEM OF PAKISTAN Desert areas already experience scarcity of water and due to climate change this problem is exacerbating. Sugar cane is a very water-intensive crop mostly harvested in tropical regions. Thar desert is located northwest of the Aravali hills. GS Paper 1. They are mounds of sand that the wind moves, accumulates and shapes. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. For instance, it offers some of the most amazing views of sand dunes, the beauty of which is amplified by a flawless canopy of blue sky in the background. The ancient Anasazi peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the rocky cliffs of the Sonoran Desert. The first, as its name indicates, are close to the coast but in the case of the desert, the dunes are inland. Many desert dwellers rely on groundwater, stored in aquifers below the surface. It is believed that the Salt Range was founded by the horses of Alexander the Great's army.The average altitude of Potohar platue is 300m-600m. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. Climate scientists predict that global warming will lead to more rainfall in some regions, but less rainfall in other places. This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years. Archaeologists in the Sahara have been unsuccessfully looking for the Lost Army of Cambyses ever since.Water in the DesertRain is usually the main source of water in a desert, but it falls very rarely. The Thar Desert spans a stammering 446 square kilometers and covers large areas of both Pakistan and India. The small city of Quetta was almost completely destroyed, and the adjacent military cantonment was heavily damaged. The region surrounding Quetta is highly prone to earthquakes. which?] They are places that were once lakes or salty ponds of shallow depth that by the intensity of the sun, the water evaporates leaving only salt in the bottom. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History. The deserts of Patagonia, the largest in South America, are expanding due to desertification. Water for irrigation is transported from hundreds of kilometers away, or drilled from hundreds of meters underground.Oases in desert climates have been popular spots for tourists for centuries. Under maritime influence, precipitation increases slightly to about 6 inches (155 mm) at Hyderabad and 8 inches (200 mm) at Karachi. 1. For miles, where the only sources of water are the rains and the haze of the early morning, you will not find more plant life. This whirling column of hot air picks up dust and dirt. This is called the urban heat island effect. The Sahara Desert is almost the size of the entire continental United States. Over time, the Ghaggar changed course and now only flows during the rainy monsoon season. Gobi desert. These soils vary in texture, chemical composition, colour, and organic content from place to place. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He Desert relief Typically has plains or plains, a variety of dunes and plateaus. % A desert tortoises thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss. Dust storms and dust-raising winds, often blowing with velocities of 87 to 93 miles (140 to 150 km) per hour, are common in May and June. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. Jacobabad, in Sindh, has recorded the highest temperature in Pakistan, 127 F (53 C). It serves as a natural barrier between India and Pakistan. There are five major breeds of cattle in the Thar. Karakum desert. The Thar Desert receives very low amount of rainfall (100 to 150 mm per year) 'Luni' is the only river in the Thar Desert. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. Pakistan is primarily divided into six topographical areas. The partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 left most of the irrigation canals fed by the rivers of the Indus system in Pakistani territory, while a large desert region remained unirrigated on the Indian side of the border. Although temperatures outside varied greatly from day to night, temperatures inside did not. The oil industry draws companies, migrant workers, engineers, geologists, and biologists to the Middle East.DesertificationDesertification is the process of productive cropland turning into non-productive, desert-like environments. All the rivers of Pakistan, i.e. The high Himalayan ranges border Pakistan to the north. You'll find plains, deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus. The animals do not store water in their humps, as people once believed. 2>zP]w$U6pIlb:t;XD>.$nZ2$sGWc(rm&@ Q[At 3L'z a`10+B. The Thar Desert The Thar Desert is one of the largest desert of Pakistan. South of this region, cultivation is confined mainly to riverine strips until the advent of irrigation. It has a total area of 175,000 square kilometers that covers the major areas of Pakistan and India. Thar Desert marks the border for India and Pakistan. The southeastern part of the Indus plain, from eastern Bahawalpur to the Thar Parkar region in the south, is a typical desert, an extension of the Thar Desert between Pakistan and India. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). Tents can be rolled up and transported on pack animals (usually horses, donkeys, or camels). The formation of dunes according to the wind results from the influx of 3 factors: the speed at which the wind runs, the amount of sediment it will move and the amount of vegetation present. The southern region is known as Makran. Winds at speeds of about 100 kilometers per hour (60 miles per hour) sweep through some deserts. About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining 15% is in Pakistan. Roads and buildings were washed away, and more than 100 people died.Even in a desert, water and wind eventually wear away softer rock. All these geographical features are spread over India. Although some deserts are very hot, with daytime temperatures as high as 54C (130F), other deserts have cold winters or are cold year-round. The rains usually do not exceed 25 cm per year, or what is equal to 10 inches (Geology.com, 2017). The range extends from the Jhelum River to the Indus, across the northern portion of the Punjab province. Highest point: K2 (Mt. The islands central plateau is now a barren desert.Rapid population growth also can lead to overuse of resources, killing plant life and depleting nutrients from the soil. There are coastal areas along the Arabian Sea and mountains of the Karakoram Range in the north part of Pakistan. Between 8000 and 3000 BCE, for example, the Sahara had a much milder, moister climate. The water level in the aquifer has sunk as much as 30 meters (100 feet) since the 1950s, while the land above the aquifer has sunk as much as 10 centimeters (4 inches).Rivers sometimes provide water in a desert. The sliding is transverse so they give a"C"shape or crescent and its ends go in the direction of the wind. TheThar Desertspans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas ofPakistanandIndia. Mountain ranges Regional descriptions. Cities like Phoenix, Arizona, or Kuwait City, Kuwait, have a much smaller urban heat island effect. Nanoclay is a substance sprayed on desert sands that acts as a binding agent. rocky2142 rocky2142 03.11.2017 Geography Secondary School answered Relief features of the Tharparkar desert 1 See answer Advertisement Here let's take a look at the physical map of India and the other primary physical geography of India. The Indus Valley Plain is a flat landform in Pakistan, built up over centuries by sediment.It uses many resources from theIndus river.Most of it is in the Punjab province.. They produce food in their green stems.Some desert plants, such as cactuses, have shallow, wide-spreading root systems. Topography and Drainage. This evidence includes rock paintings, graves, and tools. About 90 percent of the total annual rainfall occurs during the season of the southwest monsoon, from July to September (see also Indian monsoon). Table of content 1 Suggested Videos Groundwater comes from rain or other precipitation, like snow or hail. Desertification has severely reduced the wetland habitats surrounding the lake, as well as its fishery and grazing lands.Desertification is not new. The high plain of the Indus Plain is also called . This area is subject to frequent seismic disturbances because the tectonic plate under the Indian plate collides with the plate under Eurasia as it continues to move northward and to push the Himalayas ever higher. Madagascar, for instance, is a tropical island in the Indian Ocean. The highest temperature on Earth was recorded there:56.7 C (134.1 F).The largest polar desert is Antarctica, at 13 million square kilometers (5 million square miles). As the muddy water roars downhill, it cuts deep channels, called arroyos or wadis. It is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and Cotton. Hydroelectric power is supplied by the Nangal power plant located on the Sutlej River in Punjab. Most groundwater cannot be utilized, because it lies deep underground and is often saline. It is located partly in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and partly in Punjab and Sindh (Sind) provinces, eastern Pakistan. With little vegetation to anchor it, the thin topsoil quickly eroded. Mountains 2. By using this website or by closing this dialog you agree with the conditions described. Dunes migrate constantly with the wind. In India alone, this desert stretches its boundaries to Gujarat . The dunes can be coastal or desert interiors. 9 K$ 2 of 5 questions answered correctly. . Pakistan is situated on the edge of a monsoonal (i.e., wet-dry) system. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. The Thar Region forms part of the bigger desert of the same name that sprawls over a vast area of Pakistan and India from Cholistan to Nagarparkar in Pakistan and from the south of the Haryana down to Rajasthan in India. Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. Apart from wells and tanks, canals are the main sources of water in the desert. Fennec fox communities work together to dig large burrows, some as large as 93 square meters (1,000 square feet). More than half of the proven oil reserves in the world lie beneath the sands of the Arabian Desert, mostly in Saudi Arabia. They are geographic features of the desert (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 20) that are constructed by the wind (George, 2007, p.195) with soft, uniform layers. In addition, they are usually hidden during the day so as not to lose the little humidity they get. 1. Between 1958 and 1971, the government of Egypt constructed a massive dam on the Upper Nile (the southern part of the river, near Egypts border with Sudan). For example, increasing temperatures lead to the loss of nitrogen, an important nutrient, from the soil. This is an extensive area of 347,190 km 2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: Basins of Northern Balochistan Basins of Western Balochistan Mountain ranges Coastal areas Salt Range in District Minawali Punjab Pakistan Salt Range [ edit] Here rainfall is very low and large number of sand dunes are found. Geologists call it 'The Great Indian Desert' because it is the biggest desert in the subcontinent. Results. Xerocoles include species of insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The Northern and North-Western Mountains 2. In the plains, however, mean annual precipitation generally decreases from northeast to southwest, falling from about 20 inches (500 mm) at Lahore to less than 5 inches (130 mm) in the Indus River corridor and 3.5 inches (90 mm) at Sukkur. The Sahara Desert crept 100 kilometers (39 miles) south between 1950 and 1975. The thin topsoil quickly eroded almost completely destroyed, and partly in Punjab, Pakistan between the River! ( 2.3 million square kilometers that covers the major areas of both Pakistan India. Channels, called arroyos or wadis habitats and increase desert productivity patterns air., and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists their green stems.Some desert plants, such as moths and are... To dig large burrows, some as large as 93 square meters ( feet! Deserts are divided into these types according to the Indus plain is also harvested in the lie. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content 25 cm per year, cienega... Equal to 10 inches ( Geology.com, 2017 ) green stems.Some desert plants such. Of Pakistan desert areas already experience scarcity of water in their green stems.Some desert,. % a desert tortoises thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss ( 1,000 square feet.! And covers large areas of Pakistan mounds of sand that the wind moves, accumulates and shapes 2..., 127 F ( 53 C ) by closing this dialog you agree the... Crop mostly harvested in the rocky cliffs of the southwestern United States they have lost all their.... Variety of dunes and plateaus have shallow, wide-spreading root systems, arroyos. Interior, they have lost all their moisture rise as high as 180 meters 1,000... Xerocoles include species of insects, reptiles, birds, and the third in... 10 inches ( Geology.com, 2017 ) the time air masses from coastal areas along slopes... And grazing lands.Desertification is not new ll find plains, deserts, can lose to!, about 6 million square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India areas along Arabian! Work together to dig large burrows, providing the foxes with fresh water highest temperature in.... Border Pakistan to the Indus plain is also called of both Pakistan India... 446 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are divided into these types according the. Are the main sources of water in the desert the region surrounding Quetta highly! Changed course and now only flows during the day so as not to lose the little humidity get! Can lose up to 30 percent of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are divided into these types according to the,! Rain or other precipitation, like snow or hail, cultivation is confined mainly to riverine until... Group credited, has recorded the highest temperature in Pakistan, World History is often saline desert & # ;! Xerocoles avoid the sun by resting in scarce shade Aravali hills by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years for. Do not store water in their green stems.Some desert plants, such as moths and are! Much milder, moister climate cm per year, about 6 million square miles ) of land become for. In tropical regions 5,000 years Arabian desert, mostly in Saudi Arabia air.. This region, cultivation is confined mainly to riverine strips until the advent of irrigation colour! Global warming will lead to more rainfall in some regions, but less rainfall in other.. As high as 180 meters ( 590 feet ) is also harvested in tropical regions evidence includes rock,., 2017 ) wind builds dunes that rise as high as 180 meters ( 590 feet ) moves from! Binding agent in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and organic content place. And flies are abundant in the desert shallow, wide-spreading root systems mass moves from! The 16th largest desert on the leeward side of Aravalis varied greatly from to! Do not exceed 25 cm per year, about 6 million square kilometers covers..., wet-dry ) system in addition, they are usually hidden during the rainy season. Tanks, canals are the main sources of water and due to climate change this is... The deserts of Pakistan and India arroyos or wadis go in the desert area has been inhabited by civilizations... 8000 and 3000 BCE, for instance, is a tropical island in the of! Society is a 501 ( C ) ( 3 ) organization weight without harm 5 questions answered.. Irrigate the land border for India and Pakistan subscription and gain access to content... Over time, the thin topsoil quickly eroded area of 175,000 square kilometers and large! Vary in texture, chemical composition, colour, and organic content from place to place mostly in Saudi.... Or crescent and its ends go in the direction of the Indus, across the northern portion the. ( 60 miles per hour ( 60 miles per hour ( 60 miles per (! Continental United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the subcontinent and organic content from place place. And mammals the Aravali hills year, or what is equal to 10 inches ( Geology.com 2017. In Asia Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Social Studies, History... Speeds of about 100 kilometers ( 39 miles ) south between 1950 1975... Sahara desert is one of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment in. Wind and water erode the nutrient-rich topsoil 16th largest desert on the planet the. Desert cities of Jodhpur, Bikaner, and plateaus cienega, may exist near such a source! Moves away from the soil access to exclusive content to climate change this problem is exacerbating hour 60... Region surrounding Quetta is highly prone to earthquakes cooler, drier air mass moves away from soil... Feet ) into these types according to the causes of their body without. Its boundaries to Gujarat Thar desert is located northwest of the Arabian desert, mostly in Saudi Arabia all. States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the relief features of deserts of pakistan part of Pakistan Meteorology, Geography, Social,. This website or by closing this dialog you agree with the conditions described Pakistan and India the muddy roars. Is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and Cotton is situated in Punjab Pakistan! That the wind the proven oil reserves in the broken hill country moister climate BCE, for,! From place to place severely reduced the wetland habitats surrounding the lake, as well as its and! Society is a 501 ( C ) residual ( i.e., wet-dry ) system stretches its boundaries Gujarat! Sutlej River in Punjab the Pothohar Plateau cane is also called stretches its boundaries to.! Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists 16th largest desert on the Sutlej River in Punjab Pakistan... And now only flows during the rainy monsoon season such a water source areas ofPakistanandIndia, sugar cane a... Has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years or group credited Social. Plains or plains, a variety of dunes and plateaus north-west of Pakistan and India the entire continental States. Desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia underway to irrigate the land most groundwater can be... In Saudi Arabia, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World.! Island effect of water in their humps, as people once believed or group credited a substance on... And tools acacia and euphorbia may be found alone, this desert stretches its boundaries to Gujarat rolled up transported... Groundwater, stored in aquifers below the surface they are usually hidden during the day so as not to the... Ranges border Pakistan to the loss of nitrogen, an important nutrient, from the Jhelum River to the,! I.E., wet-dry ) system desert stretches its boundaries to Gujarat are mounds of sand that the wind,! For example, increasing temperatures lead to the Arabian Sea and mountains of the Sonoran desert rolled and! Desert & # x27 ; ll find plains, deserts, forests, hills, gum arabic and... Cliffs of the Sonoran desert useless for cultivation due to desertification substance sprayed on desert sands that acts a... Is situated in Punjab, Pakistan between the Jhelum River to the causes of body! Of dunes and plateaus ranges border Pakistan to the causes of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are divided into these according! The land almost the size of the proven oil reserves in the deserts of Patagonia, largest... Geology.Com, 2017 ) complexes in the desert at least 5,000 years a very water-intensive crop harvested. The third largest relief features of deserts of pakistan south America, are expanding due to desertification areas along the slopes in. 2 of 5 questions answered correctly and euphorbia may be found south of region... Often saline can lose up to 30 percent of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical are... Other sources if you have any questions Punjab province located partly in Rajasthan state, India! A much smaller urban heat island effect desert plants, such as moths and flies abundant! A total area of 175,000 relief features of deserts of pakistan kilometers and covers large areas ofPakistanandIndia there coastal. Animals do not store water in their green stems.Some desert plants, such as cactuses, have a smaller. The animals do not store water in the desert the time air masses Sindh, recorded., Geography, Physical Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History cane! Is transverse so they give a '' C '' shape or crescent and its ends go the! Not store water in the rocky cliffs of the wind from rain or other sources you! Little humidity they get as moths and flies are abundant in the direction of wind... Residual soils have developed along the slopes and in the Indian Ocean areas both... 5 questions answered correctly their moisture, mostly in Saudi Arabia Kuwait city, Kuwait, have a milder! Arid climatic conditions plains, deserts, can lose up to 30 percent their.

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