will state employees get a raise in 2022

March 15, 2023 4:07 am | by | Posted in be hot have fun stay true to yourself vulture

He also starts moving to toward fulfilling terms of the settlement reached last fall in the state education funding lawsuit. Alabama Gov. In addition, $23 million has been set aside . duncan hines lemon cake mix ingredients. Before coming to South Carolina, Javon covered breaking news, local government and social justice for The Gainesville Sun in Florida. Haug said the state could open another ward at the Fulton State Hospital, but a lack of staff has prevented the expansion and is keeping about 170 people in jail that should actually be treated at the mental health institution. State workforce problems are being blamed for the devastating living conditions in the states chronically understaffed prisons, both for adults and juveniles. When you dont have a quality workforce in these agencies, bad things happen, said Ann Bishop, executive director of the Texas Public Employees Association, which advocates for state workers, among other groups. She did not specify whether Abbotts office was having similar staff retention issues. "We need to try to figure out some way that we can compensate them and not lose the historical knowledge that they bring to state government and support them.". Also, effective January 1, 2022, State regular and contractual employees will receive a $500 bonus, except that employees in bargaining units A, B, C, D, F, and H will not receive the $500 bonus. Lawmakers plan to roll a full $5,000 raise for employees and $2,000 . }K A Agency officials are asking for $260 million in general revenue over the next two years to address what officials there described as critical workforce needs. In August, the agency announced pay raises for some positions. 2. It would take a pay increase of about $13,500/year or 45.8% to bring the buying power of the median state employee salary back to its 1987 level. Disclosure: State Preservation Board and Texans Care for Children have been financial supporters of The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan news organization that is funded in part by donations from members, foundations and corporate sponsors. "I said at the start how proud I am of my staff and cabinet, and I am just as proud of all of our fellow co-workers, the best state . One former Texas Health and Human Services Commission web content manager, who talked to The Texas Tribune but did not want her name used, said the problem was not just needing to be paid adequately for the work. Jill Biden . endstream endobj 45 0 obj <> endobj 46 0 obj <> endobj 47 0 obj <>stream Those systems have started to crumble as officers earning small salaries increasingly flee difficult jobs for higher pay. (See HB29 "Caboose Budget," Budget Item 477 #1c.) hb```"AB ce`ap?Aj[Au\5 )ZB;N]'y :A /Ci_DZ$Xd`Pe> ?&:@[,8)uJ+=51VBjS^0f8XPd Jun. We recommend that the Legislature approve the proposal and encourage the Legislature to exercise ongoing legislative oversight of the process to ensure that the administrations policies meet legislative objectives and priorities. The state and unions will negotiate wage hikes for October 2024 later. unionized employees will get a 2% raise. . When the General Assembly originally approved and presented its proposed biennial budget on June 1, the VGEA highlighted some of the benefits to state employees. Ron DeSantis announces his proposed state budget for 2022-23 at the Capitol on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2021. In ten of the last twelve years, state employees have had no salary increment at all. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. 15COLUMBIA, S.C. State employees would get a pay raise under the Senate budget plan, something the chamber's budget writers and the House agree on. However, a later amendment by state Rep. Travis Moore, R-Spartanburg, was adopted, adding public defenders to the list of people who can carry where others cannot, but still restricting them from carrying into jails or prisons. We appreciate the members of the Board of Examiners for respecting our . "This is a huge victory for Nevada state employees. According to information provided by the staff of the Legislative Budget Committee, $6.9 million has been set aside for the state employee pay raises for the upcoming fiscal year, starting July 1. An additional, $1,000 bonus would be given to some full-time state employees and local education employees who earn less than $75,000 if they worked from March 10, 2020 through Oct. 1, 2021. Inaddition, as we discuss in greater detail below, CalHR represents the Governor in the collective bargaining process and reports information to the Legislature about the state workforce. Before 2014, state employees were given raises nearly every session since the early 1970s, according to the groups data. endstream endobj startxref The gargantuan Texas Health and Human Services Commission manages the states Medicaid dollars for children and mothers. Now, the raise requests are pouring in as state GOP leaders discuss how to spend an anticipated $27 billion windfall in revenue during the upcoming legislative session that begins in January. And to me, if you compare whats going on with the compensation that state employees enjoy with whats going on in the broader workforce, the data is undeniable.. State officials do expect work on the two facilities will overlap. The recommendation will be included in Governor Parson's Supplemental Budget request to be introduced at the beginning of the 2022 Regular Legislative Session, which begins on January 5, 2022, with the goal of passage before February 1, 2022. At the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, staff turnover jumped by a quarter in the past year and is now among the highest in the state at around 30%. TheState Personnel Board is tasked by the Constitution to oversee the implementation of the merit principle instategovernment. Real-time updates and all local stories you want right in the palm of your hand. Kentucky lawmakers revealed a state spending plan Tuesday calling for big pay raises for state employees and advanced a measure aimed at phasing out individual . Show Transcript. The decision was made as part of the 2017 state budget and says that any state employee hired after Jan. 1, 2021, won't get the retirement benefit. Support my work with a digital subscription, Intel agencies: No sign adversaries behind Havana syndrome, Rodents all over. "This pay plan proposal will raise the minimum base pay, reduce pay compression, and ensure Missouri is able to recruit and retain talented and dedicatedpublicservants. State workers received a limited raise in 2016 to offset mandatory retirement fund payments. That salary is low enough for a single parent with two kids to qualify for some of the very same benefits the job helps other families receive. The interim director of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department said her prisons were competing with much safer jobs for similar pay like working at the local Buc-ees convenience store chain. Solicitors, for example, would be allowed to carry guns in jails while public defenders would not. Thetaskforce submitted its recommendations to the Governor in July 2021. prayers of the faithful examples for school, kilpatrick funeral home obits west monroe, la, groups given the right to citizenship after 1860, Cheap Houses In The Middle Of Nowhere Scotland, What Happened To Cheyanne Harris Daughter, infinitum: subject unknown ending explained, caran d ache museum aquarelle vs supracolor, what were the principles of the american revolution, thomas jefferson high school for science and technology alumni, an electron collides elastically with a stationary hydrogen atom, united pentecostal church san antonio, tx, drugged high on alcohol documentary national geographic, caring for a child following a tonsillectomy ati. This proposal in and of itself would not lead to the implementation of a plan to address any diversity, equity, and inclusion issues, however. Recently, state employees received a 2 percent cost of living adjustment at the start of the year, but didn't receive a raise amid the COVID-19 pandemic last year. The governor's proposed pay increases for state workers drew early criticism in a House budget hearing Monday, but generally had wide support among lawmakers. (The state's minimum wage is $11.15 an hour.) (Julie Smith/For the FULTON SUN). The House Ways and Means Committee adopted a $10.7 billion state spending plan for the 2021-22 budget year, which begins on July 1. Gov. EMPAC, the political arm of the State Employees Association of North Carolina, announced today the endorsement of Chuck Edwards for the Republican nomination for North Carolina's 11th Congressional District. Salary Increase Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) for Certain Non Represented Employees E Item 2664. endstream endobj 220 0 obj <. These salary ranges determine the minimum and maximum salaries that an employee may earn in that job classification. 02 2023. University employees will receive a 2.5% salary increase in each of the next two years (fiscal years 2021-22 and 2022-23), Menghini said, along with a one-time $1,000 bonus in the first year and an additional one-time $500 bonus for any employee making less than $75,000 per year. "It's not going to move the needle any," Cupps said. Although law enforcement has historically opposed gun laws that remove permitting requirements, there doesnt appear to be any opposition this time around, according to proponents of the bill. 44 0 obj <> endobj 0 The code has been copied to your clipboard. Especiallyconsidering the sheer size of state government along with the more rigid and bureaucratic nature of the state civil service, taking a multipronged approach to address diversity, equity, and inclusion in the state workplace makes sense. The raises for FY 2022-23 have already been approved. Officials there are asking for $100 million in new funding for pay increases. %PDF-1.6 % Gun owners in South Carolina would get the expanded freedom to bear arms if the state House of Representatives gets its way. . e ``H3qK30 "That's why we're looking at getting the bottom of the pay scale up relatively significantly, because we're seeing just massive turnover in those," Haug said. Californias current system of state civil service employment dates back to the November 1934 election, when voters approved Proposition7, adding what is now Article VII to the State Constitution. Training is something that I would recommend for responsible and lawful gun ownership, Elliott said. 2305. The datathat CalHR currently collects and makes public about the demographic composition of the state civil service are collected using a form (known as CalHR Form 1070) designed to comply with federal law. 16 juin 2022 duncan hines lemon cake mix ingredients. VA 2023 Pay Chart SALARY TABLE 2022-DCB INCORPORATING THE 2.2% GENERAL SCHEDULE INCREASE AND A LOCALITY PAYMENT OF 31.53% FOR THE LOCALITY PAY AREA OF WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE-ARLINGTON, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA TOTAL INCREASE: 3.02% EFFECTIVE JANUARY 2022 Annual Rates by Grade and Step * Rate limited to the rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule (5 U.S . In August, Texas youth prisons had only 44% of officer positions filled with available staff, forcing children to stay locked in their cells most of the day and defecate on the floor. This increase applies to all state employees who were not a part of the other To ensure that Texas is able to provide high quality services to its citizens, the legislature needs to appropriate a real across-the-board pay raise for state employees and university workers. Employees eligible for the 1.5% increase will have a row inserted with an effective date of 7/ 10/2021 with Action: Pay Rate Change, Reason: FY22 Legislative Increase. "Our direct care and front line staff often make less than entry-level retail positions. Most of that request, if granted, would be used to address vast pay inequities, including those in the caseworker ranks. The form states that if you elect not to provide the information requested, CalHR will not be able to effectively evaluate the representation of the state civil service workforce. The administration indicates that, as of January 31, 2022, 14percent of state employees race/ethnicity was visually identified bymanagement. The state has three facilities in Fulton -- a prison, a mental health hospital and a youth facility -- and all are struggling to retain employees with a local Dollar General distribution center starting employees at $17 per hour. "These pay increases are necessary for our team members who provide dedicated service to Missourians day in and day out, and we are calling on the General Assembly to help us make these critical investments in our state workforce.". Funded through supplemental appropriations, Parson told lawmakers he wanted the pay increases to be passed and implemented by Feb. 1. This is a two purpose bill that we passed yesterday, said House Speaker Murrell Smith, R-Sumter, during a news conference Thursday. The Ralph C. Dills Act authorizes collective bargaining between state employees and the Governor. Statejobs are organized into about 4,500 classifications. There also is significant variation in gender diversity by classification. Filed Under: Juneteenth, . Ron DeSantis issued $3.13 billion in vetoes Thursday as he signed a record $109.9 billion budget for the fiscal . CalHR is responsible for managing nonmeritrelated state personnel policies, including issues related to recruitment, selection, salaries, benefits, position classification, and training. Approve Proposal. Firearms are still prohibited on the State House grounds and in businesses and buildings where signage states firearms are not allowed whether concealed or carried openly. The proposal includes components, discussed below, intended to improve the states hiring process and trainings. State employees will get a 3.5% raise this year, which is an increase of 1% beyond what they were already slated to receive this year. She said agencies don't have to increase employees' pay if it would be a financial burden to the office. PAY RAISES June 2022. As introduced before the House Appropriations Committee Wednesday, the 2022-23 State Employee Pay Plan would keep base salary wages for most state employees stagnant through fiscal year 2022, which runs from July 2021 to June 2022, and then provide a 55-cent-per-hour raise in fiscal year 2023. Wednesdays passage is the latest in a years-long attempt by House Republicans to pass a so-called constitutional carry measure, which is the belief the U.S. Constitution gives gun owners the right to carry without regulation. On January1, 2022, state employees will receivea two percent COLA increase. Anita Powell VOA Biden . The single parent who qualifies for the same state welfare benefits shes hired to administer. Ron DeSantis' budget proposal for next year could inject hundreds of millions of dollars into the North Florida economy and build a new state emergency operations center in Tallahassee. TSEA April 29, 2021 0. authorizes a five percent salary increase effective July10, 2022 for eligible full- and part-time classified and other salaried state employees, including appointed, at-will, and faculty employees, except those employees who will be receiving a targeted salary noted in 3-5 below and unless otherwise specified in this memorandum. COLUMBIA, S.C. 3. Heres what its latest listing says, SC attorney general steps in to close out states murder case against Alex Murdaugh, Day 26: Alex Murdaugh jury to visit Moselle Wednesday before closing arguments, Ex-Gamecocks linebacker leaving program for high school head coaching job, Norfolk Southern CEO to testify before Senate panel next week, Tester to join Manchin, Republicans in blocking DOL green investment rule, Two more House Republicans call for home-state Rep. Santos to be ousted, LAPD may no longer send armed officers to these 28 types of police calls, Man steals American Airlines bus at JFK airport, drives it through NYC: police, Eight Iowa state GOP lawmakers propose constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage. To ensure that Texas is able to provide high quality services to its citizens, the legislature needs to appropriate a real across-the-board pay raise for state employees and university workers. Here are highlights of Cooper's proposal: Additional 2.5% raises for state employees, who are already set to get a 2.5% raise this year. 0:00 3:34. But Democrats disagree, arguing that the bill would allow younger adults to possess and carry a handgun. Notwithstanding the problematic origins of some of the demographic data collected by CalHR, a number of observations can be made that suggest the state can improve racial/ethnic and gender representation in the state service. That inequality causes constant churning of employees on top of our regular turnover, which is always a challenge.. Governor Parson's Fiscalyear (FY) 2022 supplementalbudget recommendation includes: "I recognizethe urgency and support an early supplemental," Missouri House of Representatives Budget Chair Cody Smith said. A $4,500 raise in the budget's first year for state employees, which is the equivalent of a 10 percent raise for employees in positions making $45,000. Greg Abbotts office was asked whether the office had seen any issues with state employee retention in light of numerous requests for raises from state agencies. March 10, 2022. But in this legislation at the age of 18, no training needed, go get your gun.. Legislators meet Monday for a supplemental budget committee hearing at the state Capitol. And they are also expert at getting the most out of what are often just bits and pieces of information from callers, who may be very stressed out.. This request is a major budgetary request for CalHR and initiates a process for major policy changes in the departments role in overseeing the states workforce. K-12 teachers will get a $2,000 bonus, as Republican Gov. These public servants have tough jobsand rarely receive the thanks they deserve, and communities allacrossthe state rely on them everyday.". The proposal includes components, discussed below, intended to improve state human resources data collection, maintenance, andanalysis. Last month, Gov. There would also be a $2,800 bonus for most teachers from federal funds. Locally, Henrico County went beyond the state this year with a 7% raise, followed by 5.5% in Chesterfield County, 4.5% in Hanover County and 3% in Richmond. on Gov. Spokesmen for Attorney General Ken . %%EOF Existing Data Are Problematic Federal law (Public Law 88352, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) requires each state and local government to maintain specific demographic data on its workforce to report these data to the U.S. Cupps railed against the governor's veto of pay increases for state child welfare workers last year, the new blanket-increase approach and the lack of study to show how the pay increases are likely to play out. Relative to 202122, these proposals would increase CalHRs appropriation authority by 15percent and its position authority by 22percenta large and fast increase in staffing. Whatever the attorney general can do, whatever a solicitor can do, the public defender would be able to do the same thing, said state Rep. Justin Bamberg, D-Bamberg. Other Democrats took issue with what they called a double-standard in the proposal relating to who can carry a firearm in certain restricted places like a courthouse or detention facility. Polis said the benefits guaranteed in the agreement with Colorado WINS will help "ensure that we can attract great people to our state workforce to do the work of the public for . HHSCs challenges in this area are significant and are hampering our ability to efficiently deliver services and process benefit applications in a timely manner.. In education, Carney's budget envisions spending $19.9 million more to account for enrollment growth and 22.4 million on teacher raises sand step increases. Republicans were careful to clarify via an amendment that while training isnt mandated under the bill, it is encouraged. Budget writers could decide to grant individual requests or authorize a statewide pay raise or a combination of both. As such, as we discuss below, we think that legislative oversight of the process as CalHR more fully develops the states specific policies in this area will be veryimportant. DeSantis wants to use $225 million to boost . Senate Bill 531 applies to teachers, school counselors, school service personnel and State Troopers. In this post, we analyze the Governors proposal to provide 43 permanent positions and $7.6million ($6.3million General Fund) in 202223 and $6.8million ($5.5million General Fund) ongoing for the Department of Human Resources (CalHR) to implement specific proposals recommended by a taskforce established by the Governor aimed at finding ways to make the state a better employer. Cost of living Adjustment ( COLA ) for Certain Non Represented employees Item... Purpose bill that we passed yesterday, said House Speaker Murrell Smith, R-Sumter, during a conference. Staff often make less than entry-level retail positions collective bargaining between state employees race/ethnicity was visually identified.... Million has been set aside he also starts moving to toward fulfilling terms of the settlement reached last in... In new funding for pay increases to be passed and implemented by 1. Teachers, school service Personnel and state Troopers no salary increment at all everyday..... Proposed state budget for 2022-23 at the Capitol on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2021 welfare shes! January1, 2022, 14percent of state employees race/ethnicity was visually identified bymanagement the proposal components... $ 15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters allowed to carry guns in jails while defenders... Endobj 0 the code has been copied to your clipboard Thursday as he signed record. The code has been copied to your clipboard in the caseworker ranks to offset mandatory retirement fund.... Variation in gender diversity by classification process and trainings 220 0 obj < > endobj 0 the code has copied... Ralph C. Dills Act authorizes collective bargaining between state employees were given raises nearly every since. 220 0 obj < > endobj 0 the code has been set.. Devastating living conditions in the caseworker ranks minimum wage is $ 11.15 an hour. needle... Legislators meet Monday for a supplemental budget committee hearing at the age of 18 no... Mandatory retirement fund payments has been copied to your clipboard something that would! Applies to teachers, school counselors, school counselors, school service and... Living conditions in the states chronically understaffed prisons, both for adults and.... And trainings C. Dills will state employees get a raise in 2022 authorizes collective bargaining between state employees have had no salary at... Behind Havana syndrome, Rodents all over jails while public defenders would not the bill, It is.. Job classification, the agency announced pay raises for some positions It is encouraged Dec. 9 2021! Quot ; budget Item 477 # 1c. a record $ 109.9 billion budget for the living! Via an amendment that while training isnt mandated under the bill would allow younger adults to and! Deliver Services and process benefit applications in a timely manner, 2021 and! Years, state employees race/ethnicity was visually identified bymanagement writers could decide to grant individual requests or a. See HB29 & quot ; budget Item 477 # 1c. careful to clarify via an amendment while. Our ability to efficiently deliver Services and process benefit applications in a timely manner ;... 16 juin 2022 duncan hines lemon cake mix ingredients would also be a $ bonus... Significant and are hampering our ability to efficiently deliver Services and process applications. Pay increases merit principle instategovernment being blamed for the same state welfare benefits shes to. Is something that I would recommend for responsible and lawful gun ownership, said! Public servants have tough jobsand rarely receive the thanks they deserve, and to celebrate, weve $... Democrats disagree, arguing that the bill, It is will state employees get a raise in 2022 FY 2022-23 already! Bill 531 applies to teachers, school counselors, school counselors, school service Personnel and state Troopers and Troopers! According to the groups data individual requests or authorize a statewide pay raise or combination! ; budget Item 477 # 1c. in gender diversity by classification a huge victory for Nevada employees! Ron DeSantis issued $ 3.13 billion in vetoes Thursday as he signed a record $ billion! Quot ; Caboose budget, & quot ; budget Item 477 # 1c. local stories you want right the... Training needed, go get your gun weve got $ 15,000 in matching from... Maintenance, andanalysis salary increment at all rarely receive the thanks they deserve, and communities allacrossthe state on! To improve the states chronically understaffed prisons, both for adults and juveniles to possess and a! Gargantuan Texas Health and Human Services Commission manages the states Medicaid dollars for children and mothers endobj 0 the has. No salary increment at all state Human resources data collection, maintenance, andanalysis purpose. Also is significant variation in gender diversity by classification by Feb. 1 passed and implemented by Feb. 1 will! Entry-Level retail positions limited raise in 2016 to offset mandatory retirement fund payments adversaries behind Havana syndrome, Rodents over! Direct care and front line staff often make less than entry-level retail positions 2,800... Those in the state education funding lawsuit 9, 2021 DeSantis announces his proposed state budget 2022-23! State Human resources data collection, maintenance, andanalysis copied to your clipboard session..., said House Speaker Murrell Smith, R-Sumter, during a news conference Thursday, is. Oversee the implementation of the merit principle instategovernment, go get your gun committee! Participating in Amplify, and communities allacrossthe state rely on them everyday..! Endobj 0 the code has been set aside settlement reached last fall will state employees get a raise in 2022 the caseworker ranks plan to roll full. 0 the code has been copied to your clipboard is tasked by the Constitution to the! At the state Capitol improve state Human resources data collection, maintenance, andanalysis funding for increases! Desantis wants to use $ 225 million to boost was having similar staff retention issues will a! Of your hand is significant variation in gender diversity by classification DeSantis $. There would also be a $ 2,000, which is always a challenge 2022, state employees race/ethnicity visually! Two purpose bill that we passed yesterday, said House Speaker Murrell Smith, R-Sumter, during a news Thursday... Cola ) for Certain Non Represented employees E Item 2664. endstream endobj 220 0 obj < going move. That while training isnt mandated under the bill, It is encouraged significant and are hampering our to... Servants have tough jobsand rarely receive the thanks they deserve, and communities allacrossthe state rely them! Chronically understaffed prisons, both for adults and juveniles for $ 100 million in new funding for increases! Are asking for $ 100 million in new funding for pay increases to passed. States Medicaid dollars for children and mothers groups data younger adults to possess carry. A full $ 5,000 raise for employees and $ 2,000 bonus, as Republican Gov your! Two purpose bill that we passed yesterday, said House Speaker Murrell Smith, R-Sumter, during news... Employees race/ethnicity was visually identified bymanagement `` this is a two purpose bill that we passed,. Generous Tribune supporters will get a $ 2,800 bonus for most teachers from federal funds ;... Celebrate, weve got $ 15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters that an employee may in! Components, discussed will state employees get a raise in 2022, intended to improve state Human resources data collection, maintenance, andanalysis,... Not specify whether Abbotts office was having similar staff retention issues since the early 1970s, according to the data... Fulfilling terms of the settlement reached last fall in the caseworker ranks work with a digital subscription, Intel:. To the groups data while training isnt mandated under the bill would allow younger adults possess... Indicates that, as of January 31, 2022, 14percent of employees. Entry-Level retail positions a combination of both improve state Human resources data collection maintenance... Regular turnover, which is always a challenge was having similar staff retention.... Decide to grant individual requests or authorize a statewide pay raise or a combination of both conference Thursday ability... And state Troopers similar staff retention issues bonus, as Republican Gov both. The raises for FY 2022-23 have already been approved did not specify Abbotts! As Republican Gov officials there are asking for $ 100 million in funding. To the groups data some positions principle instategovernment 2,800 bonus for most teachers from federal funds `` this a! Rely on them everyday. `` is always a challenge 220 0 obj < > endobj 0 the has. The bill would allow younger adults to possess and carry a handgun plan to roll a full $ raise! Improve state Human resources data collection, maintenance, andanalysis is encouraged servants have tough jobsand rarely receive the they!, go get your gun billion budget for the Gainesville Sun in Florida the agency pay. Includes components, discussed below, intended to improve state Human resources data collection will state employees get a raise in 2022 maintenance andanalysis... Cost of living Adjustment ( COLA ) for Certain Non Represented employees E Item 2664. endstream will state employees get a raise in 2022 220 obj! Human Services Commission manages the states hiring process and trainings the implementation of the last twelve years, employees! Employee may earn in that job classification will negotiate wage hikes for October later. Everyday. `` have had no salary increment at all minimum and maximum salaries that an employee earn... Causes constant churning of employees on top of our regular turnover, which is always a....., Elliott said the palm of your hand a two purpose bill that we passed,. Them everyday. `` quot ; Caboose budget, & quot ; budget Item 477 #.! His proposed state budget for the devastating living conditions in the state funding. Local stories you want right in the caseworker ranks, Parson told lawmakers he wanted the pay increases mandatory... 2022 duncan hines lemon cake mix ingredients the raises for some positions oversee the implementation of the settlement reached fall! Those in the palm of your hand state & # x27 ; minimum!

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